Oregon is one of the most beautiful places to live in the United States with its high mountains and rugged coastline. Yet the geologic forces that have made it so breathtaking also make it one of the most earthquake-prone spots in the United States.

An earthquake is the sudden, sometimes violent movement of the earth's surface from the release of energy in the earth's crust. While the threat of an earthquake may seem daunting, making a plan and identifying things you can do now to prepare can significantly reduce injuries and property damage.

The number one cause of death in an earthquake is running out of a building and being struck by falling debris! With the strict construction standards in the United States today, you are far safer staying inside a building when an earthquake occurs.

Know the Terms

• Earthquake - A sudden slipping or movement of a portion of the earth’s crust, accompanied and followed by a series of vibrations.
• Aftershock - An earthquake of similar or lesser intensity that follows the main earthquake.
• Fault - The fracture across which displacement has occurred during an earthquake. The slippage may range from less than an inch to more than 10 yards in a severe earthquake.
• Epicenter - The place on the earth’s surface directly above the point on the fault where the earthquake rupture began. Once fault slippage begins, it expands along the fault during the earthquake and can extend hundreds of miles before stopping.
• Seismic Waves - Vibrations that travel outward from the earthquake fault at speeds of several miles per second. Although fault slippage directly under a structure can cause considerable damage, the vibrations of seismic waves cause most of the destruction during earthquakes.
• Magnitude - The amount of energy released during an earthquake, which is computed from the amplitude of the seismic waves.

Before an Earthquake

• Repair defective electrical wiring, leaky gas lines and inflexible utility connections. Get appropriate professional help. Do not work with gas or electrical lines yourself.
• Bolt down and secure to the wall studs your water heater, refrigerator, furnace and gas appliances. If recommended by your gas company, have an automatic gas shut-off valve installed that is triggered by strong vibrations.
• Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves. Fasten shelves, mirrors and large picture frames to walls. Brace high and top-heavy objects.
• Store bottled foods, glass, china and other breakables on low shelves or in cabinets that fasten shut.
• Anchor overhead lighting fixtures.
• Be sure the residence is firmly anchored to its foundation.
• Install flexible pipe fittings to avoid gas or water leaks. Flexible fittings are more resistant to breakage.
• Locate safe spots in each room under a sturdy table or against an inside wall. Practice getting to them quickly by moving to these places during each drill.
• Hold earthquake drills with your family members: Drop, cover, and hold on!

During an Earthquake

• Duck, Cover, and Hold! Minimize your movements during an earthquake to a few steps to a nearby safe place. Stay indoors until the shaking has stopped and you are sure exiting is safe.
• A dangerous earthquake myth is that you should take shelter in a doorway. Doorways are no stronger than any other part of the house and put you at risk to be struck and injured by the door or other objects. You are safer under a table.

After an Earthquake

• Be prepared for aftershocks. These secondary shockwaves are usually less violent than the main quake but can be strong enough to do additional damage to weakened structures.
• Open cabinets cautiously. Beware of objects that can fall off shelves.
• Stay away from damaged areas unless your assistance has been specifically requested by police, fire or relief organizations.
• Be aware of possible tsunamis if you live in coastal areas. These are also known as seismic sea waves (mistakenly called “tidal waves”). When local authorities issue a tsunami warning, assume that a series of dangerous waves is on the way. Stay away from the beach.
• Monitor NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards and commercial radio and TV for information and be ready to follow instructions instantly.

For additional information on earthquake preparedness, please see these guides:

• FEMA B-526 - Earthquake Safety Checklist (PDF)
• Living on Shaky Ground (PDF)

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

Temperatures in Oregon have been quite warm lately, which is unusual for our part of the country. Highs have even reached and exceeded 100 degrees on a few days.  It's important to know what you can do to keep yourself cool during high temperatures. Also important is being able to recognize the signs of heat-related injuries.

Heat injures or kills by pushing the human body beyond its limits. In extreme heat and high humidity, evaporation is slowed and the body works extra hard to maintain its normal temperature. Most heat disorders occur because the victim has been overexposed to heat or has over-exerted themselves. Older adults, young children, and those who are sick or overweight should take particular care in times of extreme heat.

Before Extreme Heat

• Cover windows that receive morning or afternoon sun with drapes, shades, awnings, or louvers. Outdoor awnings or louvers can reduce the heat that enters a home by up to 80 percent.) Install temporary window reflectors between windows and drapes, such as aluminum foil-covered cardboard, to reflect heat back outside.
• Weather-strip doors and sills to keep cool air in. Keep storm windows up all year.

During Extreme Heat

• Stay indoors as much as possible and limit exposure to the sun.
• Stay on the lowest floor if air conditioning is not available.
• Consider spending the warmest part of the day in public buildings such as libraries, movie theaters, shopping malls, and other community facilities.
• Avoid strenuous work during the warmest part of the day. Use a buddy system when working in extreme heat, and take frequent breaks.
• Dress in loose-fitting, lightweight, and light-colored clothes that cover as much skin as possible.
• Protect face and head by wearing a wide-brimmed hat.
• Eat well-balanced, light, and regular meals. Avoid using salt tablets unless directed to do so by a physician.
• Drink plenty of water. Persons who have epilepsy or heart, kidney, or liver disease, are on fluid-restricted diets, or have a problem with fluid retention should consult a doctor before increasing liquid intake.
• Limit intake of alcoholic beverages.
• Check on family, friends, and neighbors who do not have air conditioning and who spend their time alone.
• Never leave children or pets alone in closed vehicles.

Know the Terms

• Heat Cramps: Muscular pains and spasms due to heavy exertion. Heat cramps are often the first signal that the body is having trouble with the heat.
• Heat Exhaustion: Typically occurs when people exercise heavily or work in a hot, humid place where body fluids are lost through heavy sweating. Blood flow to the skin increases, causing blood flow to decrease to the vital organs. This results in a form of mild shock. If not treated, the victim’s condition will worsen. Body temperature will keep rising and the victim may suffer heat stroke.
• Heat Stroke (also Sun Stroke): A life-threatening condition. The victim’s temperature control system, which produces sweating to cool the body, stops working. The body temperature can rise so high that brain damage and death may result if the body is not cooled quickly.

Signals of Heat Emergencies

• Heat exhaustion: Cool, moist, pale, or flushed skin; heavy sweating; headache; nausea or vomiting; dizziness; and exhaustion. Body temperature will be near normal.
• Heat stroke: Hot, red skin; changes in consciousness; rapid, weak pulse; and rapid, shallow breathing. Body temperature can be very high-- as high as 105 degrees F. If the person was sweating from heavy work or exercise, skin may be wet; otherwise, it will feel dry.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

Flooding is a widespread, common, and costly natural hazard in Oregon and across the United States. It is the leading cause of death from natural hazards in the U.S. Flood effects can be local, impacting just a small area such as a neighborhood. They can also be very large and affect entire river basins. Some floods develop slowly. Flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes.

Most residents of Washington County have experienced flood conditions, as they occur often in the Willamette Valley. However, sometimes flood waters rise above what we have all grown to think of as common. It is important to make a plan for what your family will do and prepare your home for all degrees of flood conditions.

Prepare Your Home Before the Flood

• Avoid building in a floodplain. If you are in a floodplain elevate and reinforce your home.
• Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to flooding.
• Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent flood water from backing up into the drains of your home.
• Construct barriers (levees, berms, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering the building.
• Seal walls in basements with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage.
• Plan ahead for the protection of pets and livestock.
• Review your home insurance policy. Standard homeowners insurance doesn't cover flooding. To learn more, visit the National Flood Insurance Program website.

During a Flood

• Listen to the radio or television for information.
• Remember that a:
  • Flood Watch means flooding is possible. Tune in to NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards, commercial radio, or television for information
  • Flash Flood Watch means flash flooding is possible. Be prepared to move to higher ground and listen to NOAA Weather Radio, commercial radio, or television for information
  • Flood Warning means flooding is occurring or will occur soon; if advised to evacuate, do so immediately.
  • Flash Flood Warning means a flash flood is occurring; seek higher ground on foot immediately.
• Be aware that flash flooding can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move.
• Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons and other areas known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain.
• Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture and move essential items to an upper floor.
• Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water.
• Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you.
• Do not drive into flooded areas. If flood waters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away.

Driving Flood Facts

• Almost half of all flash flood fatalities occur in vehicles.
• Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling.
• A foot of water will float many vehicles.
• Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles and pick-up trucks.
• If you come upon a barricaded or flooded road, turn around and find a safer route.

After a Flood

• Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water supply is safe to drink.
• Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines.
• Avoid moving water.
• Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car.
• Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company.
• Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe.
• Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters.
• Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden damage, particularly in foundations.
• Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards.
• Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from floodwater can contain sewage and chemicals.
• Discard canned, bottled, or sealed-in-plastic food items that have been dented or dislodged and knocked into things.

Looking for more information about what to do before, during, or after a flood? Visit Red Cross's website here. 

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

A hazardous material (hazmat) is any solid, liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the environment. Chemical manufacturers are an obvious source for hazardous materials, but they are found in many other locations as well - service stations, hospitals, and waste sites. It is estimated that 4.5 million facilities in the U.S. use, store, or manufacture hazardous materials, whether they are a farm supply store or a water treatment facility.

Spills or releases can happen during production, storage, transportation, use, or disposal. Incidents can occur at a “fixed facility,” such as an industrial plant. Also common are railroads, highways, pipelines and waterways. Those located near a hazardous materials spill or release are likely to be unaffected unless the substance is airborne and poses a threat to areas outside the accident site.

Federal, State and local regulations, combine to minimize the risk to the public and the environment. You can protect yourself by learning about hazardous materials, possible risks in your community, and reviewing the information below.

During a Hazardous Materials Incident

• Listen to local radio and television for information and instructions.
• Follow the instructions carefully.
• Stay away from the area to minimize the risk of contamination.
• Remember that some toxic chemicals are odorless.
• If you are asked to evacuate, do so immediately.
• If you are outside stay upstream, uphill and upwind. Try to go at least one-half mile (8-10 city blocks) from the danger area. Do not walk into or touch any spilled liquids, airborne mists, or solid chemical deposits.
• If you are in a vehicle in town and slow traffic, stop and seek shelter in a permanent building. If you must remain in your car, keep car windows and vents closed and shut off the air conditioner and heater. If you are on a highway and can move away from the site quickly do not stop.
• If outside on foot, stop and seek shelter in a permanent building.
• If you are instructed to stay indoors:
  • Go into your pre-selected shelter room. This room should be above ground and have the fewest openings to the outside.
  • Seal the room by covering each window, door and vent using plastic sheeting and duct tape.
  • Use material to fill cracks and holes in the room, such as those around pipes and electrical conduits.
  • Ten square feet of floor space per person will provide sufficient air to prevent carbon dioxide build-up for up to five hours, assuming a normal breathing rate while resting. However, local officials are unlikely to recommend shelter in a sealed room for more than 2-3 hours because the effectiveness of such sheltering diminishes with time as the contaminated outside air gradually seeps into the shelter.

After a Hazardous Materials Incident

• Return home only when authorities say it is safe. Open windows and vents and turn on fans to provide ventilation.
• Act quickly if you have come in to contact with or have been exposed to hazardous chemicals. Do the following:
• Follow decontamination instructions from local authorities. Depending on the chemistry of the hazardous material, you may be instructed to take a thorough shower, or you may be warned to stay away from water and follow another procedure.
• Seek medical treatment for unusual symptoms as soon as possible.
• Place exposed clothing and shoes in tightly sealed containers. Call local authorities to find out about proper disposal.
• Advise everyone who comes in contact with you that you may have been exposed to a toxic substance.
• Find out from local authorities how to clean up your land and buildings if necessary.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

Chemicals are found everywhere. They are used to purify drinking water, increase crop production and make household chores much easier. But if used or released improperly, they can become a hazard. Nearly every household uses products containing hazardous materials or chemicals. Proper storage and handling of these products and understanding how to react during an emergency can reduce the risk of injury.

Know Your Risk and What to Do

• Make an inventory of hazardous materials in your home.
• Once you have located a product, check the label and take the necessary steps to ensure that you are using, storing, and disposing of the material according to the manufacturer’s directions.
• Store household chemicals in places where children cannot see them or gain access to them.
• Post the number of the emergency medical services and the poison control center by all telephones. In an emergency situation, you may not have time to look up critical phone numbers. The national poison control number is (800) 222-1222.

Children and Poisoning

• The most common hazardous materials emergencies in the home involve small children eating medicines.
• Keep all medicines, cosmetics, cleaning products, and other chemicals out of sight and out of reach of children.
• If your child should eat or drink a non-food substance, find the container(s) and take it to the phone.
• Call the Poison Control Center or 9-1-1 and follow their instructions carefully.
• The first aid advice found on containers may not be appropriate; do not give anything by mouth until you have been advised by professionals.

Before a Household Chemical Emergency

The following are guidelines for buying, storing, and using hazardous household chemicals safely:

• Buy only as much as you think you will use.
• Keep products containing hazardous materials in their original containers and never remove the labels unless the container is corroding. Contents of corroding containers should be repackaged and clearly labeled.
• Never store hazardous products in food containers.
• Never mix household any hazardous chemicals or waste with other products. Incompatibles, such as chlorine bleach and ammonia, may react, ignite, or explode
• Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the proper use of the household chemical.
• Never smoke while using household chemicals.
• Never use hair spray, cleaning solutions, paint products, or pesticides near an open flame. (E.g., pilot light, lighted candle, fireplace, wood burning stove, etc.) Although you may not be able to see or smell them, vapor particles in the air could catch fire or explode.

Learn to recognize the symptoms of toxic poisoning, which are as follows:

• Difficulty breathing.
• Irritation of the eyes, skin, throat, or respiratory tract.
• Changes in skin color.
• Headache or blurred vision.
• Dizziness.
• Clumsiness or lack of coordination.
• Cramps or diarrhea.

Be prepared to seek medical assistance:

• Post the number of the emergency medical services and the poison control center by all telephones. In an emergency situation, you may not have time to look up critical phone numbers.
• The national poison control number is (800) 222-1222.

During a Household Chemical Emergency:

 If there is a danger of fire or explosion:

• Get out of the residence immediately. Do not waste time collecting items or calling the 9-1-1 when you are in danger. Call the 9-1-1 from outside once you are safely away from danger.
• Stay upwind and away from the residence to avoid breathing toxic fumes.

If someone has been exposed to a household chemical:

• Find any containers of the substance that are readily available in order to provide requested information. Call poison control or 9-1-1.
• Follow the emergency operator or dispatcher’s first aid instructions carefully.
• The first aid advice found on containers may not be appropriate; do not give anything by mouth until you have been advised by professionals.
• Discard clothing that may have been contaminated. Some chemicals may not wash out completely.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

Hurricanes are large, violent storms which bring intense winds, heavy rain and storm surge. They can cause floods, coastal erosion, landslides, and tornadoes as well. While it is difficult to predict the exact time, place, and force of hurricanes, residents and visitors of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast states must be prepared. The season for hurricanes is June through November, with most hurricanes occurring mid-August to late October. Be sure to check the weather before you travel!

As the Storm Approaches

• Remember that a Hurricane Watch means the onset of hurricane conditions is possible within 36 hours; a Hurricane Warning means the onset of hurricane conditions is likely within 24 hours.
• Have a full tank of gas in a vehicle, cash, and your disaster supplies kit ready to go.
• Make sure every family member carries or wears identification.
• Listen to the radio or television for current information and be prepared to act quickly.
• Fill the bathtub and other large containers with water for bathing, flushing toilets, and cleaning, but do not drink this water.

Evacuate if you:

• Are directed by local authorities to do so. Be sure to follow their instructions.
• Are in a mobile home, a high-rise building, on the coast, a floodplain, near a river, or an inland waterway, or otherwise feel you will be in danger.

If You Are Told to Evacuate:

• Don’t delay in evacuating once you get word to leave.
• Stick to designated evacuation routes. If you need help, this is the most likely place to find it.
• Take your most reliable vehicle and avoid taking multiple vehicles that create gridlock.

If You Cannot Evacuate and Are Staying:

• Go to a safe indoor place for refuge, such as an interior room, closet, or hallway. Stay downstairs only if you are not in a flood prone or storm surge area.
• Do not go outdoors during the storm, even in its early stages. Flying debris is extremely dangerous.
• Close all doors, brace external doors, stay clear of windows and keep curtains and blinds shut.
• If necessary take cover under a heavy table, or under something protective.
• Don’t be tricked by a sudden lull in the storm, it may be the “eye” passing over. The storm will resume.

Immediately After the Storm

• Use extreme caution going out of doors. Be alert for downed power lines, broken glass, and damage to building foundations, streets and bridges, and coastal or hillside erosion.
• Keep listening to radio and TV.
• Watch for closed roads. If you come upon a barricade or a flooded road, turn back and find a safer route.
• Stay on firm ground. Moving water only 6 inches deep can sweep you off your feet. Standing water may be electrically charged from power lines.
• Do not drink tap water until you know it is safe.

 The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

The flu virus spreads easily from person to person, mostly through coughing and sneezing. When a sick person coughs or sneezes near you, you can breathe in droplets that have the virus. Less often, a person might get the flu from coming in contact with a surface or object that has flu virus on it and then touching their own mouth or eyes.

Teach your family the importance of these habits and have them practice now. These actions can help you stay healthy now and help protect you and your family during flu season or during a pandemic.

• Wash your hands often with soap and water. If there is no soap and water, use an alcohol-based hand gel. Wash your hands before eating, drinking, or touching your face.
• Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze. Throw used tissues in a trash can and wash your hands. If you do not have a tissue, cough or sneeze into your sleeve and not your hands.

What are the symptoms of the flu?

The flu usually begins with the rapid-onset of a high fever and body aches. Be aware of other common flu symptoms:

• Headache
• Extreme tiredness
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Vomiting and/or diarrhea (more common in children than adults)
• NOTE: having all of the symptoms doesn’t always mean that you have the flu. Many different illnesses have similar symptoms.

Diagnosing the flu:

It may be difficult to tell if you are suffering from the flu or another illness. Your health care provider may be able to tell you if you have the flu. If you develop flu-like symptoms and are concerned about possible complications, consult your health care provider.Potential risks and serious complications of the flu:

• Bacterial pneumonia
• Dehydration
• Worsening of chronic medical conditions
• Ear infections
• Sinus problems

You are at an increased risk for flu-related complications if you are:

• Age 50 or older
• Pregnant
• Living with a chronic medical condition
• A child, age 6 months and older
• Living with or caring for anyone at high risk
• If you are at high risk, have your vaccinations updated every year, as directed by your physician.

What should I do if someone in my household is sick?

• Designate one person as the caregiver.
• Keep everyone’s personal items separate. All household members should avoid sharing pens, papers, clothes, towels, sheets, blankets, food or eating utensils unless cleaned between uses.
• Disinfect doorknobs, switches, handles, computers, telephones, toys and other surfaces that are commonly touched around the home or workplace.
• Wash everyone’s dishes in the dishwasher or by hand using very hot water and soap.
• Wash everyone’s clothes in a standard washing machine as you normally would. Use detergent and very hot water and wash your hands after handling dirty laundry.
• Wear disposable gloves when in contact with or cleaning up body fluids.

Know the Difference: Types of Flu Outbreaks

• Seasonal Flu — A contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza (flu) viruses occurring every year. It affects an average of 5 percent to 20 percent of the U.S. population by causing mild to severe illness, and in some instances can lead to death.
• Epidemic — The rapid spread of a disease that affects some or many people in a community or region at the same time.
• Pandemic — An outbreak of a disease that affects large numbers of people throughout the world and spreads rapidly.
• H1N1 Influenza (swine flu) — H1N1 influenza is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that cause regular outbreaks in pigs. People do not normally get H1N1 influenza, but human infections can and do happen. H1N1 influenza viruses have been reported to spread from person-to-person.
• Avian Influenza — Commonly known as bird flu, this strain of influenza virus is naturally occurring in birds. Wild birds can carry the virus and may not get sick from it; however, domestic birds may become infected by the virus and often die from it.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and American Red Cross.

Landslides occur in all U.S. states and territories. In a landslide, masses of rock, earth, or debris move down a slope. Landslides may be small or large and can be activated by storms, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, fires, and human modification of land.

Debris and mud flows are like rivers of rock, earth, and other debris saturated with water. They develop when water rapidly accumulates in the ground during heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt. They can flow quickly, strike with little or no warning at high speeds, and grow in size due to debris as they flow.

Before a Landslide or Debris Flow

• Do not build near steep slopes, close to mountain edges, near drainage ways, or natural erosion valleys.
• Get a ground assessment of your property.
• Consult an appropriate professional expert for advice on corrective measures.
• Minimize home hazards by having flexible pipe fittings installed to avoid gas or water leaks, as flexible fittings are more resistant to breakage (only the gas company or professionals should install gas fittings).

Landslide Warning Signs

• Changes occur in your landscape such as patterns of storm-water drainage on slopes (especially the places where runoff water converges) land movement, small slides, flows, or progressively leaning trees.
• Doors or windows stick or jam for the first time.
• New cracks appear in plaster, tile, brick, or foundations.
• Outside walls, walks, or stairs begin pulling away from the building.
• Slowly developing, widening cracks appear on the ground or on paved areas such as streets or driveways.
• Underground utility lines break.
• Bulging ground appears at the base of a slope.
• Water breaks through the ground surface in new locations.
• Fences, retaining walls, utility poles, or trees tilt or move.
• A faint rumbling sound that increases in volume is noticeable as the landslide nears.
• The ground slopes downward in one direction and may begin shifting in that direction under your feet.
• Unusual sounds, such as trees cracking or boulders knocking together, might indicate moving debris.
• Collapsed pavement, mud, fallen rocks, and other indications of possible debris flow can be seen when driving (embankments along roadsides are particularly susceptible to landslides).
• If you suspect imminent landslide danger:
• Contact your local fire, police, or public works department. Local officials are the best persons able to assess potential danger.
• Inform affected neighbors. Your neighbors may not be aware of potential hazards. Advising them of a potential threat may help save lives.
• Help neighbors who may need assistance to evacuate.
• Evacuate. Getting out of the path of a landslide or debris flow is your best protection.

During a Landslide or Debris Flow

• Move away from the path of a landslide or debris flow as quickly as possible.
• Curl into a tight ball and protect your head if escape is not possible.

After a Landslide or Debris Flow

• Stay away from the slide area. There may be danger of additional slides.
• Check for injured and trapped persons near the slide, without entering the direct slide area. Direct rescuers to their locations.
• Watch for associated dangers such as broken electrical, water, gas, and sewage lines and damaged roadways and railways. Look for and report broken utility lines to appropriate authorities.
• Replant damaged ground as soon as possible since erosion caused by loss of ground cover can lead to flash flooding and additional landslides in the near future.
• Help a neighbor who may require special assistance--infants, elderly people, and people with disabilities. Elderly people and people with disabilities may require additional assistance. People who care for them or who have large families may need additional assistance in emergency situations.
• Listen to local radio or television stations for the latest emergency information.
• Watch for flooding, which may occur after a landslide or debris flow. Floods sometimes follow landslides and debris flows because they may both be started by the same event.
• Check the building foundation, chimney, and surrounding land for damage. Damage to foundations, chimneys, or surrounding land may help you assess the safety of the area.
• Seek advice from a geotechnical expert for evaluating landslide hazards or designing corrective techniques to reduce landslide risk.

Publications:

• A Homeowner's Guide to Landslides for Washington and Oregon

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

Thunderstorms and lightning storms can be beautiful to watch (from a safe distance and location), but they also pose a threat. Large hail often accompanies thunderstorms which can damage homes and vehicles. Strong winds are also prevalent with thunderstorms, causing power outages, downed power lines and trees, and damage to roofs. 

Lightning is ruled as the cause of many wildfires, which can devastate large areas. Also, it is the second leading cause of storm related deaths. An estimated 1000 people are struck by lightning each year in the U.S.; however, only 10% are killed. Survivors of lightning strikes can suffer life-long disabilities.

Facts about thunderstorms

• They may occur singly, in clusters, or in lines.
• Some of the most severe storms occur when a single thunderstorm affects one location for an extended time.
• Thunderstorms typically produce heavy rain for a brief period, anywhere from 30 minutes to an hour.
• Warm, humid conditions are highly favor able for thunderstorms to develop.
• About 10 percent of thunderstorms are classified as severe one that produces hail at least three-quarters of an inch in diameter, has winds of 58 miles per hour or higher, or produces a tornado.
• Facts about lightning
• Lightning’s unpredictability increases the risk to individuals and property.
• Lightning often strikes outside of heavy rain and may occur as far as 10 miles away from any rainfall.
• “Heat lightning” is actually lightning from a thunderstorm too far away for thunder to be heard. However, the storm may be moving in your direction!
• Most lightning deaths and injuries occur when people are caught outdoors in the summer months during the afternoon and evening.
• Lightning-strike victims carry no electrical charge and should be attended to immediately.

Know the Terms

• Severe Thunderstorm Watches are issued when a thunderstorm is likely to occur in an area. Watch the sky and stay tuned to NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards, commercial radio, or television for information.
• Severe Thunderstorm Warnings are issued when severe weather has been reported by spotters or indicated by radar. Warnings indicate imminent danger to life and property to those in the path of the storm.

Before Thunderstorms and Lightning

• Remove dead or rotting trees and branches that could fall and cause injury during a severe thunderstorm.
• Remember the 30/30 lightning safety rule: Go indoors if, after seeing lightning, you cannot count to 30 before hearing thunder. Stay indoors for 30 minutes after hearing the last clap of thunder.
• Postpone outdoor activities.
• Get inside a home, building, or hard top automobile (not a convertible). Although it is possible you might be injured if lightning strikes your car, you are much safer inside a vehicle than outside.
• Remember, rubber-soled shoes and rubber tires provide NO protection from lightning. However, the steel frame of a hard-topped vehicle provides increased protection if you are not touching metal.
• Secure outdoor objects that could blow away or cause damage.
• Shutter windows and secure outside doors. If shutters are not available, close window blinds or curtains.
• Avoid showering or bathing. Plumbing and bathroom fixtures can conduct electricity.
• Use a corded telephone only for emergencies. Cordless and cellular telephones are safe to use.
• Unplug appliances and other electrical items such as computers and turn off air conditioners. Power surges from lightning can cause serious damage.
• Use your battery-operated NOAA Weather Radio for updates from local officials.

Avoid the following:

• Natural lightning rods such as a tall, isolated tree in an open area
• Hilltops, open fields, the beach, or a boat on the water
• Isolated sheds or other small structures in open areas
• Anything metal—tractors, farm equipment, motorcycles, golf carts, golf clubs, and bicycles

During a Thunderstorm

• If you are in a forest, seek shelter in a low area under a thick growth of small trees.
• If you are in an open area, go to a low place such as a ravine or valley. Be alert for flash floods.
• If you are on open water, Get to land and find shelter immediately.
• If you feel your hair stand on end (which implies that lightning is about to strike), squat low to the ground on the balls of your feet. Place your hands over your ears and your head between your knees. Make yourself the smallest target possible and minimize your contact with the ground. DO NOT lie flat on the ground.

After a Thunderstorm

If someone is struck by lightning call 9-1-1 for medical assistance as soon as possible.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Weather Association, and American Red Cross.

A tornado is a violent, rotating column of air extending from a thunderstorm to the ground. The most violent tornadoes are capable of tremendous destruction with wind speeds of 250 mph or more. Damage paths can be in excess of one mile wide and 50 miles long. In an average year, 800 tornadoes are reported nationwide. Though they occur in some more often than others, every state is at risk for this hazard.

While tornadoes aren't as common in the Pacific Northwest as they are in other parts of the country, Washington County has experienced a handful of tornadoes since 1950. Knowing the basics of what to do ahead of time will help your family stay safe should one occur.

Before a Tornado

• Choose a safe location in your home where you would shelter during a tornado. This location should be in a basement or on the ground floor and have no windows if possible.
• Be alert to changing weather conditions.
• Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or to local radio or television for the latest information.
• Remember that a Tornado Watch means it is possible that a tornado might occur in your area. Remain alert for approaching storms. 
• A Tornado Warning means that a tornado has been sighted or indicated by weather radar. Take shelter immediately once a Tornado Warning is issued.
• If your area is placed under a Tornado Watch, monitor local news and keep an eye on the sky. Look for the following danger signs:
  • Dark skies
  • Hail
  • A dark, low-hanging cloud (particularly if rotating)
  • Loud roar
  • If you see approaching storms or any of the danger signs, be prepared to take shelter immediately.

During a Tornado

• If you are under a tornado WARNING, seek shelter immediately!
• If you are inside, go to the safe location you picked to protect yourself from glass and other flying objects. The tornado may be approaching your area.
• Head injuries are a common tornado-related injury. If possible, children and adults should wear secured helmets for protection.
• If you are outside, hurry to the basement of a nearby sturdy building or lie flat in a dry ditch or low-lying area.
• If you are in a car or mobile home, get out immediately and hurry to the basement of a nearby sturdy building or lie flat in a dry ditch or low-lying area.

After a Tornado

• Watch out for fallen power lines and stay away from areas that have received damage until you receive further instructions.
• Listen to the radio for information and instructions.
• Use a flashlight to inspect your home for damage; do not use candles at any time in case of a gas leak.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

The Oregon Coast is a beautiful area to travel and explore. A prime vacation destination, tourists and Oregonians flock to see its sandy beaches and splash in its cool waters. While visiting the coast, it is important to pay attention to your surroundings while traveling through the area. Watch for signs warning of Tsunami Hazard Zones and evacuation routes. 

 Tsunamis are a series of enormous waves created by an underwater disturbance such as an earthquake. A tsunami can move hundreds of miles per hour in the open ocean and smash into land with waves as high as 100 feet or more.

There may be more than one wave and the succeeding one may be larger than the one before. That is why a small tsunami at one beach can be a giant wave a few miles away.

Know the Terms

• Advisory - An earthquake has occurred which might generate a tsunami.
• Watch - A tsunami was or may have been generated, but is at least two hours travel time to the area in Watch status.
• Warning - A tsunami was, or may have been generated, which could cause damage; therefore, people in the warned area are strongly advised to evacuate.

If a Tsunami WATCH Is Issued

• Listen to a NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards, Coast Guard emergency frequency station, or other reliable source for updated emergency information. As the energy of a tsunami is transferred through open water, it is not detectable. Seismic action may be the only advance warning before the tsunami approaches the coastline.
• Locate family members and review evacuation plans. Make sure everyone knows there is a potential threat and knows the best way to safer ground.
• If you have special evacuation needs (small children, elderly people or persons with disabilities), consider early evacuation. Evacuation may take longer, allow extra time.
• If time permits, secure unanchored objects around your home or business. Tsunami waves can sweep away loose objects. Securing these items or moving them inside will reduce potential loss or damage.
• Be ready to evacuate. Being prepared will help you to move more quickly if a tsunami warning is issued.

If a Tsunami WARNING Is Issued

• Listen to a NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards, Coast Guard emergency frequency station, or other reliable source for updated emergency information. Authorities will issue a warning only if they believe there is a real threat from tsunami.
• Follow instructions issued by local authorities. Recommended evacuation routes may be different from the one you use, or you may be advised to climb higher.

If you are in a tsunami risk area, do the following:

• If you hear an official tsunami warning or detect signs of a tsunami, evacuate at once. A tsunami warning is issued when authorities are certain that a tsunami threat exists, and there may be little time to get out.
• Get to higher ground as far inland as possible. Officials cannot reliably predict either the height or local effects of tsunamis. Watching a tsunami from the beach or cliffs could put you in grave danger. If you can see the wave, you are too close to escape it.

During a Tsunami

• Turn on your radio to learn if there is a tsunami warning if an earthquake occurs and you are in a coastal area.
• Move inland to higher ground immediately and stay there.
• If there is noticeable recession in water away from the shoreline this is nature’s tsunami warning and it should be heeded. You should move away immediately.

After a Tsunami

• Stay away from flooded and damaged areas until officials say it is safe to return.
• Stay away from debris in the water; it may pose a safety hazard to boats and people.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

Part of what makes the Pacific Northwest so beautiful are the gorgeous mountains that can be seen throughout the area. Majestic and beautiful, it is easy to forget that some of those mountains are actually volcanoes and could potentially pose a threat to the areas around them.

 A volcano is a vent through which molten rock escapes to the earth’s surface. When pressure from gases within the molten rock becomes too great, an eruption occurs. Eruptions can be quiet, or they can be explosive. There may be lava flows, poisonous gases, flying rock and ash, or landslides and mudflows.

While volcanic ash does not pose immediate danger to most adults, the acidic gas and ash can cause lung damage to small infants, to older adults, and to those suffering from severe respiratory illnesses. Volcanic ash also can damage machinery, including engines and electrical equipment. Ash accumulations mixed with water become heavy and can collapse roofs.

Before a Volcanic Eruption

• Add a pair of goggles and disposable breathing mask for each member of the family to your disaster supplies kit, and put in a spare air filter for each vehicle.
• Stay away from active volcano sites.
• Make evacuation plans; plan a main route out, and have a backup route in mind.
• Be prepared for the hazards that can accompany volcanoes: mudflows and flash floods; landslides and rockfalls; earthquakes; ashfall and acid rain; and tsunamis.

During a Volcanic Eruption

• Evacuate immediately from the volcano area to avoid flying debris, hot gases, lateral blast, and lava or debris flow. Follow the evacuation order issued by authorities.
• Be aware of mudflows. The danger from a mudflow increases near stream channels and with prolonged heavy rains. Mudflows can move faster than you can walk or run. Look upstream before crossing a bridge, and do not cross the bridge if mudflow is approaching.
• Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas.
• Avoid areas downwind and river valleys downstream of the volcano.
• If caught indoors and you are not in the path of a lava or debris flow:
  • Close all windows, doors, and dampers.
  • Put all machinery inside a garage or barn.
  • Bring animals and livestock into barns and sheds if possible, other enclosed shelters otherwise.
• If trapped outdoors:
  • Seek shelter indoors.
  • If caught in a rockfall, roll into a ball to protect your head.
  • If caught near a stream, be alert for mudflows. Move up slope, especially if you hear the roar of a mudflow.
• Protection from falling ash:
  • Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants. Use goggles, and wear eyeglasses instead of contact lenses.
  • Use a dust mask or hold a damp cloth over your face to help with breathing.
  • Stay away from areas downwind from the volcano to avoid volcanic ash.
  • Stay indoors until the ash has settled unless there is a danger of the roof collapsing.
  • Close doors, windows, and all ventilation in the house (chimney vents, furnaces, air conditioners, fans, and other vents).
  • Clear heavy ash from flat or low-pitched roofs and rain gutters.
  • Avoid running car or truck engines. Driving can stir up volcanic ash that can clog engines, damage moving parts, and stall vehicles.
  • Avoid driving in heavy ash fall unless absolutely required. If you have to drive, keep speed down to 35 MPH or slower. If you have to change the engine’s air filter, pull into covered space.

After a Volcanic Eruption

• Keep windows, doors and dampers closed until ashfall ends.
• If possible, stay away from volcanic ashfall areas.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.

More and more people are making their homes in rural areas or woodlands. While residents enjoy the beauty of their surroundings, these areas are not without risk. Each year, wildfires ravage millions of acres.  Wildfires often begin unnoticed. They spread quickly, igniting brush, trees, and homes. Wildland fires are usually triggered by lightning or accidents.

Do your part to help prevent wildfires! Make sure to safely build campfires and extinguish them completely before leaving a camp site. Also, comply with local regulations. To learn if burning is permitted in Hillsboro, call 503-681-6204.

Before a wildfire threatens your area

• Clear leaves and other debris from gutters, eaves, porches and decks. This prevents embers from igniting your home.
• Remove dead vegetation and other items from under your deck or porch, and within 10 feet of the house. Learn more about the basics of defensible space on the Firewise website.
• Screen or box-in areas below patios and decks with wire mesh to prevent debris and combustible materials from accumulating.
• Remove flammable materials (firewood stacks, propane tanks) within 30 feet of your home’s foundation and outbuildings, including garages and sheds. If it can catch fire, don’t let it touch your house, deck or porch.
• Wildfire can spread to tree tops. Prune trees so the lowest branches are 6 to 10 feet from the ground.
• Keep your lawn hydrated and maintained. If it is brown, cut it down to reduce fire intensity. Dry grass and shrubs are fuel for wildfire.
• Don’t let debris and lawn cuttings linger. Dispose of these items quickly to reduce fuel for fire.
• Inspect shingles or roof tiles. Replace or repair those that are loose or missing to prevent ember penetration.
• Cover exterior attic vents with metal wire mesh no larger than 1/8 inch to prevent sparks from entering the home.
• Enclose under-eave and soffit vents or screens with metal mesh to prevent ember entry.
• Learn more about how to protect your home and property at www.firewise.org.

During the time a wildfire is in your area

• Stay aware of the latest news and updates from your local media and fire department. Get your family, home and pets prepared to evacuate.
• Place your emergency supply kit and other valuables in your vehicle.
• Move patio or deck furniture, cushions, door mats and potted plants in wooden containers either indoors or as far away from the home, shed and garage as possible.
• Close and protect your home’s openings, including attic and basement doors and vents, windows, garage doors and pet doors to prevent embers from penetrating your home.
• Connect garden hoses and fill any pools, hot tubs, garbage cans, tubs, or other large containers with water. Firefighters have been known to use the hoses to put out fires on rooftops.
• Leave as early as possible, before you’re told to evacuate. Do not linger once evacuation orders have been given. Promptly leaving your home and neighborhood clears roads for firefighters to get equipment in place to fight the fire, and helps ensure residents’ safety.

After a wildfire has been contained

Continue to listen to news updates for information about the fire. Return home only when authorities say it is safe.

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the National Fire Protection Association.

When winter temperatures drop significantly below normal staying warm and safe can become a challenge. Extremely cold temperatures may also accompany winter storms, with could lead to power failures, loss of communication services, and icy roads. What constitutes extreme cold can vary across different areas of the county so plan ahead when traveling during the winter months.

Heavy snowfall and extreme cold can immobilize an entire region. Even areas that normally experience mild winters can be hit with a major snowstorm or extreme cold.

Before Winter Storms and Extreme Cold

• Add the following to your disaster supplies kit: ice melt for icy walkways, sand to improve traction, snow shovels and other snow removal equipment.
• Prepare for possible isolation in your home by having sufficient heating fuel; regular sources may be cut off.
• Winterize your home to extend the life of your fuel supply by insulating walls and attics, caulking and weather-stripping doors and windows, and installing storm windows or covering windows with plastic.
• As winter approaches, winterize your car: Battery and ignition system should be in top condition and battery terminals clean. Check antifreeze levels, windshield wiper equipment and fluid, and replace fuel and air filters. Check for leaks and crimped pipes in the exhaust system; repair as necessary. Ensure that the heater and defroster work properly. Check brakes for wear and fluid levels. Check oil for level and weight. Consider purchasing snow tires or chains.

During a Winter Storm

• Listen to your radio, television, or NOAA Weather Radio for weather reports and emergency information.
• Eat regularly and drink ample fluids. Caffeine and alcohol cause you to lose fluids.
• Avoid overexertion when shoveling snow. Overexertion can bring on a heart attack—a major cause of death in the winter. If you must shovel snow, stretch before going outside.
• Watch for signs of frostbite. These include loss of feeling and white or pale appearance in extremities such as fingers, toes, ear lobes, and the tip of the nose. If symptoms are detected, get medical help immediately.
• Watch for signs of hypothermia. These include uncontrollable shivering, memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, slurred speech, drowsiness, and apparent exhaustion. If symptoms of hypothermia are detected, get the victim to a warm location, remove wet clothing, warm the center of the body first, and give warm, non-alcoholic beverages if the victim is conscious. Get medical help as soon as possible.
• Conserve fuel by keeping your residence cooler than normal. Temporarily close off heat to some rooms.
• Maintain ventilation when using kerosene heaters to avoid build-up of toxic fumes. Refuel kerosene heaters outside and keep them at least three feet from flammable objects.
• Drive only if it is absolutely necessary. If you must drive, consider the following:
  • Travel in the day, don’t travel alone, and keep others informed of your schedule and progress.
  • Stay on main roads; avoid back road shortcuts.
  • Conserve cell phone batteries for essential calls.
  • Do not rely solely on GPS. Check the roads before you travel to ensure there are no closures and check conditions often as they may change.
• If a blizzard traps you in the car, keep these guidelines in mind:
  • Pull off the highway. Turn on hazard lights and hang a distress flag from the radio antenna or window.
  • Remain in your vehicle where rescuers are most likely to find you. Do not set out on foot unless you can see a building close by where you know you can take shelter. Be careful; distances are distorted by blowing snow. A building may seem close, but be too far to walk to in deep snow.
  • Run the engine and heater about 10 minutes each hour to keep warm. When the engine is running, open an upwind window slightly for ventilation. This will protect you from possible carbon monoxide poisoning. Periodically clear snow from the exhaust pipe.
  • Exercise to maintain body heat, but avoid overexertion. In extreme cold, use road maps, seat covers, and floor mats for insulation. Huddle with passengers and use your coat for a blanket.
  • Take turns sleeping. One person should be awake at all times to look for rescue crews.
  • Drink fluids to avoid dehydration.
  • Be careful not to waste battery power. Balance electrical energy needs - lights, heat, and radio - with supply.
  • Turn on the lights at night if you see or hear work crews or rescuers so they can see you. Leaving the ceiling light on overnight will deplete the battery unless the engine is run periodically.
  • If stranded in a remote area, stomp large block letters in an open area spelling out HELP or SOS and line with rocks or tree limbs to attract the attention of rescue personnel who may be surveying the area by air.
  • Leave the car and proceed on foot - if necessary - once the blizzard passes.

After a Winter Storm

• Keep listening to a local radio or television station or NOAA Weather Radio for updated information and instructions. Access to some parts of the community may be limited or roads may be blocked.
• Help people who require special assistance—infants, elderly people, those without transportation, large families who may need additional help in an emergency, people with disabilities, and the people who care for them.
• Avoid driving until conditions have improved. Roads may be blocked by snow or emergency vehicles.
• Avoid overexertion. Heart attacks from shoveling heavy snow are a leading cause of death during the winter.
• Keep up with local weather forecasts and be prepared when you go outside. Major winter storms are often followed by even colder temperatures.
• Ensure that your animals’ access to food and water is unimpeded by drifted snow, ice, or other obstacles

The Hazard-Specific Information section was created using information from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and American Red Cross.